The variation in the self-perceived quality of life and health care amongst smokers, passive smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers in Canada
نویسندگان
چکیده
Methods The survey was conducted in the waiting room of two medical walk-in-clinics. The questionnaire comprised of four main aspects including age of the patient, identify themselves as a frequent smoker, a non-smoker (passive) who is regularly exposed to smoke, a past (ex-) smoker and a non-smoker who is not regularly exposed to tobacco smoke. Valid consent was obtained from the patients and patients under the age of 18 were not included in the study.
منابع مشابه
Comparison of Cotinine Salivary Levels in Hookah Smokers, Passive Smokers, and Non-Smokers
Background: At present smoking is considered a great health-related problem. Smoking cigarettes and use of tobacco are on the rise in the Middle East countries; therefore, the number of people exposed to passive cigarette smoke is increasing, too. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare salivary cotinine levels in hookah smokers, individuals exposed to passive cigarette smoke ...
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